Ramaḍān 斋戒月

Ramaḍān is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.

It is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.

This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

The month lasts 29 to 30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon, according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in the hadiths.

The word Ramaḍān comes from the Arabic which means scorching heat or dryness.

Fasting is fardh (obligatory) for adult Muslims, except those who are suffering from an illness, travelling, are elderly, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetic or going through menstrual bleeding.

Fasting the month of Ramaḍān was made obligatory (wājib) during the month of Shaʿbān (eighth month of the Islamic calendar),  in the second year after the Muslims migrated from Mecca to Medina.

Fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with natural phenomenon such as the midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca.

While fasting from dawn until sunset, Muslims refrain from consuming food, drinking liquids, smoking, and engaging in sexual relations with one's spouse.

Muslims are also instructed to refrain from sinful behavior that may negate the reward of fasting, such as false speech (insulting, backbiting, cursing, lying, etc.) and fighting.

Food and drink is served daily, before dawn and after sunset.

Spiritual rewards (thawab) for fasting are also believed to be multiplied within the month of Ramaḍān.

Fasting for Muslims during Ramaḍān typically includes the increased offering of salat (prayers) and recitation of the Quran.

斋戒月是回教的一个习俗，是在回历的第九个月。

根据伊斯兰信仰，世界各地的穆斯林在一个月的斋戒里，是为纪念可兰经里穆罕默德的第一个启示。

这一年一度的纪念活动被认为是伊斯兰教的五大支柱之一。

根据圣训编译的众多传记斋戒月持续29日至30日，视弯月的能见度。

拉麦丹（Ramaḍān）一词来自阿拉伯语，意思是炎热或干燥。

禁食是强制性的（fardh）每名成年穆斯林，除了那些病人、旅人、老人、孕妇、哺乳、糖尿病患、经历月经出血妇女，都需禁食。

在穆斯林从麦加迁到麦地那的第二年后，在 Shaʿbān（回历的八月）斋戒就便是强制性（wājib）的。

教令也指导那些生活在自然现象地区，如午夜的太阳或极夜的穆斯林应该遵循麦加的时间表。

在黎明禁食到日落期间，穆斯林不得进食、喝饮料、吸烟、与自己的配偶发生性关系等的行为。

穆斯林也被指示切莫做出罪恶行为，如秽言污语（侮辱、诽谤、诅咒、欺骗等）和战斗，以免损了禁食得来的福祉。

黎明前和日落后，穆斯林则可自由吃喝。

在斋戒月内禁食所的到的福祉（thawab）也被认为会成倍增加。

穆斯林在禁食的斋戒月期间通常会增加包括祈祷（salat）和背诵可兰经的次数。