Tulku 仁波切

China - Yunnan, Lijiang (Zhiyun Temple)

中国 － 云南，丽江（指云寺）

Zhiyun Temple is located in the ancient city of Lijiang 18 km west of Lashi dam foothills.

指云寺位于丽江古城西18公里拉市坝西部山麓。

Built in 1727 (Qing Dynasty Emperor Yongzheng fifth year), one of the five temples in Lijiang.

建于1727年（清雍正五年），为丽江五大寺之一。

Zhiyun means "pointing the clouds".

指云意为“指点云彩”。

Zhiyun Temple was destroyed in troubled time during the Xianfeng and Tongzhi years.

咸丰、同治年间，指云寺毁于乱世。

Reconstruction was completed in 1879 (Guangxu fifth years).

完成重建于1879年（光绪五年）。

The original temple had thirteen courtyards, but now only one compound and five small yards are preserved.

指云寺原有院十三个，现仅有一大院和五小院保存。

Rinpoche is derived from Tibetan language, the original meaning is "treasure", similar as monks, lamas.

仁波切源于藏语，原义是“珍宝”，意义与和尚、喇嘛相近。

The use of the word Rinpoche in Chinese is not common.

在汉语中仁波切一词的用法并不普遍。

Although Rinpoche is not exactly the same as Guru and Living Buddha, but the Chinese commonly refers Rinpoche as Guru and Living Buddha.

尽管在意义上仁波切与上師和活佛并不完全相同，但在汉语中大众常用上師和活佛来称呼仁波切。

The monks will be addressed as Rinpoche in three cases.

僧人在三种情形下会被称作仁波切。

First being the reincarnation monks (that is the Living Buddha) and being certified. 

一是转世高僧（即活佛）并被认证。

Second are those whose learning is worthy as the world's role model.

二是学问堪为世人楷模者。

Third are those spiritual practitioners who have great achievements.

三是此世有很高修行的成就者。

In other words, the reincarnated monk must be Rinpoche, but a person being addressed as Rinpoche  is not necessarily a reincarnated monk.

也就是说转世高僧一定是仁波切，但被称为仁波切的人不一定是转世高僧。